757 million Ft for state-approved training — awarded by an office that cannot tell which skills are actually worth acquiring.

Rationale

This line funds a training subsidy administered through the ministry's portfolio. A state-financed training subsidy to selected firms or individuals is a discretionary transfer: the awarding authority decides which training activities qualify and which applicants receive support, without a market price to discipline those decisions. Where training has value to the employer, the employer has a direct incentive to fund it — training that raises worker productivity generates returns the employer captures; where training has value to the worker, the worker likewise has an incentive to invest in it from future earnings. A state subsidy layered on top does not resolve the question of which training is worth funding; it creates an incentive to design activities to match the subsidy criteria rather than to respond to actual skills needs. The amount is modest but the structural problem is identical to the larger discretionary-transfer lines in this chapter. There is no contractual reliance interest justifying a phase-out: a discretionary annual appropriation creates no entitlement to continuation. The line can be closed in a single budget cycle.