Ministry of Interior

The BM hospital network (1,380,606.2 millió Ft gross, net ~17,085 millió Ft after NEAK performance payments) provides curative care to the entire Hungarian population through a state-operated monopoly. The 10-year phase-out is not elimination: hospitals transition to independent public companies with NEAK purchasing-authority contracts, retaining universal access. Singapore's Medisave model shows that individual health savings accounts combined with catastrophic insurance can deliver top-tier outcomes at 4–5% of GDP. Hungary's current model costs ~7% GDP with mediocre outcomes and notorious wait times.

The Klebelsberg Centre administers Hungary's 3,200 state schools from a single national directorate — one of the most centralised school management systems in the EU. The 7-year phase-out transfers school management to municipal and institutional level while state funding is retained; it is a governance reform, not a defunding. Hungary's PISA reading and mathematics scores declined from 2009 to 2022 under central management. Sweden's 1992 voucher system and the Netherlands' 70%-private school funding model show that managed decentralisation improves outcomes without reducing access.

Public education human services and operations transfer of 620,113.7 millió Ft represents the bulk of teacher salary payments, school operating costs, and education system funding flowing through the BM to Hungary's approximately 3,200 state schools. This is the financial substance of the Klebelsberg-administered system: it funds the teachers and operations of the school network. Kept: the phase-out in XIV-E15 changes management governance, not the funding stream. State commitment to funding every child's education is unconditional; the transfer mechanism follows the governance reform.

The Hungarian National Police — approximately 45,000 sworn officers — is the paradigmatic core state function: protection of persons and property. Personnel costs (388,954 millió Ft, 73% of total) reflect the labour-intensive nature of law enforcement. The capital line (11,243 millió Ft) covers vehicles, communications, and facilities. Two scrutiny points apply without changing classification: mandate-allocation review to ensure officer-hours prioritise property and personal safety over administrative enforcement; and competitive tendering audit on the capital procurement line to prevent rent-seeking.

Non-state social care service grants of 385,756.1 millió Ft fund church and civil organisation delivery of contracted social care — elderly care, disability services, child welfare — under formal service agreements with the state. This is transfer for services rendered, not discretionary grant: the contracted organisations are delivering services that the state is obligated to provide. Where cost-per-beneficiary data is published and audited, this is the most efficient model for social care delivery — voluntary and church organisations with lower overheads and stronger community integration than state institutions. Kept.

The SZGYF centralises child-protection and social-care residential institutions that were decentralised to local government until 2012–2016. Centralised provision suppresses the heterogeneous intermediary institutions — local knowledge, family-like environments, community anchoring — that Röpke identifies as the fabric of humane social care. The 7-year phase-out transfers management to regional self-governments and licensed non-governmental providers, preserving state funding and standards while restoring local responsiveness. Service continuity for residents is the binding constraint on pace; facility audits in years 1–2 build the evidence base before any transition.

The Educational Authority carries out curriculum compliance inspections, teacher qualification assessments, and educational data collection — regulatory and inspection functions that serve a genuine public-good role in ensuring minimum standards across the school system. As a watchdog body it maintains the institutional quality conditions that make school competition and parental choice meaningful. A nominal freeze holds its operating capacity flat while the broader Klebelsberg rationalisation described in XIV-E15 progresses. Reducing inspection capacity during a major structural reform would be poorly timed.

The National Disaster Management Directorate coordinates flood defence, industrial accident response, forest fire management, and civil protection — functions with strong public-good characteristics where the beneficiaries of coordinated response are diffuse and the collective-action problem of uncoordinated private response is severe. Hungary's geography (Danube and Tisza flood plains, chemical industrial sites) makes this directorate an operationally critical institution. At 122,503.9 millió Ft, the allocation funds the full national disaster management infrastructure. Kept.

The National Ambulance Service (OMSZ) employs 8,500 paramedics across 255 stations, responding to over 1.2 million calls annually. Emergency prehospital care is a constitutionally required protective-state function: the market cannot price emergency response on a per-call basis without catastrophic adverse selection. The service generates 89,354.1 millió Ft in NEAK fee revenue against 96,980.2 millió Ft expenditure — a cost-recovery ratio of 92%, among the highest in the chapter. Kept as a core emergency service that is nearly self-financing through the insurance system.

Supported employment for persons with changed working capacity of 74,943.6 millió Ft funds the accredited employer programme that enables severely impaired individuals to work in adapted conditions with state wage subsidies. This is the largest single disability-related line in the chapter and one of the clearest classical-liberal cases for state support: it converts welfare dependency into productive contribution, reduces lifetime transfer costs, and preserves the dignity of work for a population that the private labour market would otherwise exclude. The classical-liberal work-incentive analysis and the means-tested floor position align. Kept.

The Batthyány-Strattmann Foundation provides compassionate-use access to medicines not covered by NEAK — exactly the means-tested safety net the FSI's substantive position preserves. The 5-year phase-out transitions this function to a reformed NEAK conditional-reimbursement framework: transparent clinical criteria, published application processes, and mandatory outcomes evaluation. Current recipients are grandfathered throughout. The 47,200 millió Ft costs each SZJA payer roughly 10,489 Ft per year. The Netherlands' Zorginstituut model shows this transition improves access consistency.

The National Centre for Public Health and Pharmacy (NNGYK) carries out epidemiological surveillance, disease notification management, pharmaceutical licensing, and public health standards enforcement — genuine regulatory public goods where market failure is systematic. Consumers cannot independently verify pharmaceutical safety; epidemic threats require coordinated state response that private actors cannot organise. Own revenue (6,242.6 millió Ft) covers 15.5% of costs from licensing and regulatory fees. A nominal freeze applies discipline while preserving the regulatory capacity necessary for pandemic preparedness.

The National Hospital Directorate provides central administrative and governance oversight for Hungary's BM-operated hospital network — the management layer above the clinical facilities funded in XIV-E9b. Administrative capacity proportionate to a hospital estate of this scale is necessary for governance, standards enforcement, and capital planning. A nominal freeze holds the 39,395.7 millió Ft flat while the broader hospital network transition (XIV-E9b) is designed. Reducing the governance layer before the underlying operational reform is settled would weaken the transition's management.

Social sector wage supplements for non-state providers of 30,792.5 millió Ft ensure that contracted non-state social care providers can pay their staff at rates comparable to state-sector equivalents — preventing a race to the bottom on care worker wages that would undermine service quality. If non-state providers are performing contracted public functions, their workers should receive the same regulatory wage protections as equivalent state workers. This line maintains care quality and prevents adverse selection in the social care labour market. Kept.

State subsidy for religious and ethics education of 30,579.6 millió Ft funds confessional instruction across the school system. The Fundamental Law guarantees the right to religious education; the appropriate instrument is a per-pupil grant at the same rate as any other optional school activity — not a block grant. A 5-year phase-out transitions this to the standard per-pupil formula, applying competitive neutrality across all providers. The 30,579.6 millió Ft costs each SZJA payer roughly 6,795 Ft per year.

TEK was established in 2010 as Hungary's specialist counter-terrorism and close protection unit, with exclusive statutory jurisdiction over armed individuals posing imminent public danger and VIP protection for the President, Prime Minister, and Chief Prosecutor. These are constitutionally required functions of the protective state that no market mechanism can perform. The budget (29,550.4 millió Ft) implies a per-capita cost above the general police average, reflecting the specialist training and equipment demands of counter-terrorism. Parliamentary oversight of VIP protection scope is the appropriate accountability instrument.

The National Blood Transfusion Service (OVSZ) maintains Hungary's blood supply through voluntary donation and processes blood products for clinical use. Blood supply management is a public good with strong safety-externality characteristics: contaminated blood in a poorly managed system affects every surgical patient, not only those who chose the supplier. Own revenue (21,455.6 millió Ft) covers 85.3% of OVSZ's 25,147.8 millió Ft expenditure — an unusually high cost-recovery ratio for a health institution. Kept as a public-health safety function that is largely self-financing.

The BM ministerial administration funds oversight of an unusually heterogeneous portfolio — internal security, health, education, and social policy — that in most EU member states is distributed across separate cabinet ministries. A nominal freeze applies discipline while a future sectoral unbundling surfaces the real administrative cost of each domain. When BM's non-security functions transfer to sector-specific ministries, a proportionate administrative budget share transfers with them. The institutional design problem is the concentration; the nominal allocation is not excessive for the current scope.

EU Interior Funds 2021–2027 of 21,600 millió Ft represent the national co-financing and management envelope for EU-co-funded programmes in asylum, border management, integration, and police cooperation. These are effectively treaty-bound matching obligations: failure to provide national co-financing forfeits the EU allocation. At the programme's scale, the EU leverage ratio significantly exceeds the national contribution. Kept as a treaty-bound co-financing obligation with high fiscal return per forint of national expenditure.

Free textbook provision of 19,040 millió Ft eliminates per-pupil textbook costs — a direct educational cost reduction for families, particularly beneficial for lower-income households where textbook costs would otherwise be a meaningful barrier to full educational participation. The ordoliberal case for free textbooks is strongest where private provision would create access inequality between income groups within the same school system. A nominal freeze holds the programme flat; a strategic review should assess whether digital textbook delivery at lower marginal cost could improve the programme's efficiency.

Mass migration management of 15,000 millió Ft covers the border infrastructure, processing capacity, and associated operational costs required for Hungary's Schengen external border responsibilities. These are EU treaty obligations that carry legal and financial consequences if unmet; Hungary cannot unilaterally reduce its external border management capacity without triggering Schengen compliance review. A nominal freeze holds the allocation flat while the EU-co-financed border management programmes (XIV-E56) provide additional capacity from EU Interior Funds.

This BM internal security sub-unit performs internal security functions within the ministry's law enforcement architecture, generating 6,134.4 millió Ft in service-fee revenue against 13,617 millió Ft gross expenditure — a cost-recovery ratio of 45%. Internal security oversight of the state apparatus is a legitimate rule-of-law function; the substantial own-revenue recovery indicates market demand for the services performed. Net cost to the central budget (approximately 7,482.6 millió Ft) is proportionate. Kept.

Uniformed career path expenditures and invalidity annuities cover the statutory benefit structure for police, prison, and fire service personnel — a legally mandated employment framework that defines how uniformed public servants are compensated for the specific risks of their roles. These are binding statutory commitments to individuals who accepted below-market civilian wages in exchange for structured career benefits. Reducing them would breach employment agreements with active personnel and generate retention failures in services that are already under staffing pressure.

The National Directorate-General for Aliens Policing exercises sovereign border and residence-rights functions — a constitutionally assigned state function under Article M of the Fundamental Law and EU Schengen framework obligations. Immigration control and legal residence administration require a state body with enforcement authority; no private alternative exists for this function. At 12,340.4 millió Ft, the allocation covers the immigration administration infrastructure of a Schengen member state. Kept.

Social integration programmes targeting Roma and other disadvantaged communities address documented labour-market exclusion, educational attainment gaps, and housing segregation — all of which have genuine market-failure characteristics and impose economic costs on the broader economy through reduced labour force participation and higher welfare dependency. A nominal freeze holds the 11,988.3 millió Ft flat while requiring published data on participation rates, employment outcomes, and cost-per-beneficiary. The function is legitimate; the accountability is absent.

The National Protection Service (NVSZ) maintains internal anti-corruption and professional conduct oversight for approximately 250,000 uniformed personnel across police, prison services, and disaster management. Independent internal oversight of the state's security apparatus is a constitutional safeguard of the rule-of-law state — exactly the accountability mechanism that Buchanan's constitutional economics identifies as essential to prevent the protective branch from becoming self-serving. At 11,563.4 millió Ft for this scale of oversight, the cost is proportionate.

Special education support of 9,055.9 millió Ft funds adapted educational provision for students with disabilities, learning differences, and developmental challenges — a function with strong constitutional and social-equity justifications. The public-goods argument is clear: without state-organised special education provision, market mechanisms would systematically underprovide services for a population with low private-market leverage. Kept as a constitutional minimum educational support function for students who cannot be adequately served by standard provision.

Sectoral IT financing of 8,765.3 millió Ft covers the digital infrastructure that supports the BM's unusually wide portfolio — police record systems, hospital information systems, school data management, and immigration databases. IT infrastructure in a ministry of this scale is a legitimate operational necessity, but the concentration of multiple sector IT budgets in a single chapter reduces transparency about per-sector IT costs. A nominal freeze applies discipline; when sectoral unbundling occurs, IT budgets should follow the respective functions to sector ministries.

Supported employment for severely disabled persons of 5,836.1 millió Ft funds sheltered workshop and supported work programmes for individuals whose disability severity prevents competitive employment. This is a clear means-tested floor intervention: it serves the population that genuinely cannot participate in the labour market without accommodation, and the alternative to supported employment is welfare dependency at higher cost. The programme's economic logic — converting transfers to productivity — is well-aligned with classical-liberal work-incentive principles. Kept.

Hospital development and emergency support of 5,510.2 millió Ft covers pass-through capital and emergency grants to specific hospitals requiring extraordinary maintenance or crisis support — fully offset by corresponding revenue of 5,510.2 millió Ft on the revenue side. This is a budget-neutral pass-through; the net cost to the central budget is zero. The classification Keep reflects that the pass-through mechanism itself is legitimate; the resources are not a net draw on general taxation but a ringfenced hospital development mechanism.

Municipal fire brigades provide first-response fire and rescue services in communities too small for the national fire service — a critical public safety function where private-market provision fails due to non-excludability and the non-rival nature of fire protection. The normative subsidy mechanism (fixed per-station grants) is an efficient transfer instrument for small-scale public safety infrastructure. At 4,776.7 millió Ft, the allocation supports local fire capacity across Hungary's smaller communities. Kept as a core public safety function.

Church-maintained hospital supplement of 4,771 millió Ft covers the operating cost differential between NEAK performance payments and the actual cost of running hospital services — the same gap the state fills for BM-operated hospitals — for church-owned and operated health facilities. Church hospitals operate within the same regulated care framework as state hospitals and serve the same patient population. As long as the BM hospital network receives this supplement (pending the XIV-E9b transition), equal treatment of church-operated facilities under the same regulatory framework is appropriate. Kept.

Charitable organisation housing and social assistance activities of 3,530.2 millió Ft fund Caritas, Reformed Diaconia, and other registered charitable bodies providing housing and social support. These intermediate institutions — in Röpke's terminology — represent exactly the civil society layer that the state should minimally support rather than displace. A nominal freeze holds the allocation flat while a cost-per-beneficiary audit distinguishes high-performing charitable programmes from administrative overhead. Growth should be conditioned on published beneficiary outcomes.

Disability mobility grants, sign language services, and disability programme support of 3,127.5 millió Ft cover the assistive technology, interpretation, and programme access that allow disabled individuals to participate in daily life on equal terms. These are constitutional obligations under the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), ratified by Hungary in 2007. The means-tested floor applies clearly: this population cannot self-provide the access tools that enable participation. Kept.

The Social Opportunity Directorate (TEF) coordinates equal opportunity and social integration programmes within the BM's social policy portfolio. This is an administrative coordination function rather than a direct service delivery body. A nominal freeze holds the 2,994 millió Ft allocation flat while requiring published output data on the programmes coordinated. When BM's social functions transfer to a sector-specific ministry, TEF's budget and functions should transfer with them.

Health policy coordination, national public health strategy, and civil health society support of 2,888.6 millió Ft fund the advisory and civil society layer of health policy — a function that, at this scale, overlaps significantly with the NNGYK's regulatory mandate and the OKF's governance role. A nominal freeze holds the envelope flat while a scope review determines which specific activities represent genuine public-good coordination versus duplicated bureaucratic overhead. The civil society component should migrate to the reformed civil grant architecture of Chapter XI.

State company task subsidies of 2,386.8 millió Ft fund commercial companies performing public tasks within the BM portfolio. Where public tasks are embedded in company structures with private-law accountability, the subsidy is a service purchase rather than a grant. The 3-year phase-out is not a programme elimination but a transition of the subsidy mechanism to explicit service contracts with published performance indicators. The 2,386.8 millió Ft costs each SZJA payer roughly 530 Ft per year; transparent contracting replaces opaque subsidy.

Public education contracted provision of 2,322.6 millió Ft covers contracted educational services for specialised populations — students requiring residential educational placements, provision in remote locations, or specialised therapeutic-educational environments not available in the standard school network. These are the residual cases where standard provision genuinely cannot serve the student. The contracted model is more flexible than direct state provision; keeping the funding while expanding the pool of contracted providers over time improves both access and cost-efficiency.

Social and child welfare service contracts of 2,313.3 millió Ft fund contractual arrangements with civil and church organisations for specific social and child welfare service functions. As with XIV-E35, this is transfer for contracted service delivery rather than discretionary grant. The contracted model — licensed providers performing defined services at agreed unit costs — is the right direction for social service delivery; the question is whether unit costs are benchmarked against comparable providers. Kept pending a published cost-per-service-unit audit.

The Drug-Free Hungary Programme funds demand-reduction, prevention, and treatment coordination activities — a policy area where the public-health market failure is well-documented: addiction imposes costs on health, justice, and social systems that addicted individuals cannot fully internalise. However, the programme's evidence base and cost-effectiveness are not published at the detail needed to verify whether specific interventions achieve their stated prevention outcomes. The 5-year phase-out creates transition pressure for evidence-based redesign through the healthcare and social services channels. The 2,000 millió Ft costs each SZJA payer roughly 444 Ft per year.

Roma local government support of 1,928.9 millió Ft funds the elected Roma self-governance structures established under Act CLXXIX of 2011 — a constitutional framework for the self-organisation of Hungary's largest ethnic minority, comprising approximately 600,000–800,000 citizens. Roma self-governance is a constitutional institution under the same minority-protection framework as the 13 other recognised minorities. The allocation reflects the constitutional obligation; no reduction is warranted without constitutional amendment. Kept.

Nurse accommodation development of 1,772.8 millió Ft addresses one of the most binding constraints on Hungarian healthcare — the chronic shortage of nursing staff, driven partly by inadequate housing provision near hospitals. Providing affordable accommodation for healthcare workers is a specific labour-market intervention that addresses a structural supply constraint. Where nursing shortages directly reduce healthcare capacity, targeted accommodation investment generates a measurable return in avoided care quality degradation. Kept as a targeted human capital investment in a constrained labour market.

Disability advocacy organisation support of 1,732.2 millió Ft funds the civil society bodies that represent disabled persons' interests in policy processes — an intermediate institution that compensates for the inherently weak market voice of a population with limited economic leverage. Without organised advocacy, disability policy would be designed by those without direct experience of disability; the advocacy layer introduces the revealed preference of affected individuals. A nominal freeze applies discipline while requiring published advocacy outputs to ensure the organisations remain connected to their members.

Social and child welfare development and methodology of 1,724.8 millió Ft covers the research and methodology infrastructure for Hungary's social care system — evidence of what works in foster care, residential institutions, and community-based support. As the SZGYF transition proceeds, this function becomes more critical, not less: evidence-based methodology is what prevents a decentralisation reform from producing inconsistent outcomes across regions. A nominal freeze maintains the function at current capacity during the transition period.

The National Civilian Guard Association provides voluntary patrol support to police in rural and suburban areas — an intermediate institution in the Röpke sense: voluntary, community-rooted, filling a gap between professional policing and total self-reliance. At 1,668 millió Ft, the allocation supports approximately 60,000 civilian guards. A nominal freeze applies discipline while a value-for-money review assesses cost-per-incident-prevented and the counterfactual (additional police posts) to determine efficient scale.

The National Social Policy Institute provides research and methodology support for social policy — the evidence base without which SZGYF reform cannot be designed safely. The quality of social-care transition depends on accurate data collection and policy evaluation. A nominal freeze maintains the institute's capacity at current levels while requiring all research outputs to be published under open-access terms. If SZGYF decentralisation proceeds, NSzI's methodology function becomes more, not less, important.

Civil society and foundation grants of 1,334 millió Ft distributed through ministerial discretion without published outcome metrics follow the same concentrated-benefit/diffuse-cost dynamic documented in Chapter XI. The 3-year phase-out is not an elimination of civil society support but a transition to competitive, publicly accountable grant programmes under arm's-length governance. The 1,334 millió Ft costs each SZJA payer roughly 296 Ft per year; any legitimate programme should reapply through transparent competitive processes.

The Child Protection Housing Fund of 1,100 millió Ft supports housing provision for young people leaving the care system — the 'care leaver' transition that is one of the most difficult moments in the child protection lifecycle. Young adults leaving state care without housing support have significantly elevated risks of homelessness, unemployment, and criminal justice contact. This is one of the means-tested floor interventions the FSI's substantive position explicitly preserves: support for those who genuinely cannot self-provide at a critical life transition. Kept.

A litigation reserve of 1,066.6 millió Ft covers the BM's ongoing legal disputes — a necessary provision for the ministry with Hungary's largest institutional footprint, covering health, education, police, and social services. As with Chapter X's equivalent, this reserve should function as an accountability mechanism: ministries that generate higher litigation costs due to unlawful conduct should face visible budgetary consequences. Keeping the reserve at its current level maintains that accountability signal without restricting legitimate access to compensation.

Low-traffic pharmacy support of 1,050 millió Ft funds pharmacies in remote rural areas where insufficient population density prevents commercial viability. Access to prescription medicines is a necessary component of effective healthcare; a functioning pharmaceutical distribution network requires physical dispensing points within reasonable distance of patients. This is a classic thin-market public service obligation: the market fails to provide at commercially viable volumes in low-density areas, creating genuine access deprivation. A nominal freeze maintains the rural pharmacy safety net.

Health Promotion Offices deliver public health messaging, screening coordination, and prevention programme support at the local level — activities that reduce downstream acute-care costs through primary prevention. However, the evidence base for which specific health promotion activities achieve measurable outcome improvements is contested. The 3-year phase-out reallocates this function to the NNGYK's national public health mandate (XIV-E11) and to the GP primary care system, where prevention is better integrated with treatment. The 957.6 millió Ft costs each SZJA payer roughly 213 Ft per year.

National Crime Prevention Strategy funding covers the policy coordination, community outreach, and partnership programmes that constitute evidence-based crime reduction work beyond traditional law enforcement. Public-choice analysis supports crime prevention investment when it generates measurable reductions in the police and judicial costs downstream — the public-good returns exceed the programme cost. A nominal freeze holds the 915.1 millió Ft flat while requiring published programme evaluation data to demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of specific prevention interventions.

Non-municipal, non-state school support of 747.6 millió Ft funds independent schools — Montessori, Waldorf, international, and other alternative-pedagogy institutions — that operate outside the state system. Supporting independent schools within a common funding framework is consistent with the Netherlands and Sweden models of managed school diversity. The per-pupil funding approach prevents a dual-standard system while creating competitive discipline on state schools. Kept as a legitimate element of educational pluralism.

Homelessness services of 638.6 millió Ft fund the public functions associated with emergency shelter and basic social support for homeless individuals — a population for whom private market provision cannot function (no ability to pay) and who impose real social costs through hospital, police, and public space impacts. The ordoliberal means-tested floor position is clear: the state is the provision mechanism of last resort for those who genuinely cannot self-provide. At this scale, the allocation is a proportionate public safety-net expenditure. Kept.

Counter-terrorism measures reserve of 500 millió Ft provides a contingency for unforeseeable operational costs in preventing or responding to terrorist threats — a legitimate protective-state expenditure analogous to a military readiness reserve. At this scale, the amount is immaterial relative to the TEK's 29,550 millió Ft operational budget but serves as a pre-authorised rapid-response buffer that avoids delays from emergency supplementary appropriation. Kept as a standard security contingency reserve.

Cross-border ethnic Hungarian education support of 350 millió Ft funds educational activities for ethnic Hungarian communities in neighbouring states — a constitutional responsibility under Article D of the Fundamental Law. The allocation is modest for a diaspora population of 2.5–3 million. A nominal freeze applies discipline; growth should be conditioned on published programme outcomes and enrolment data from benefiting communities in Romania, Slovakia, Serbia, and Ukraine.

Prison service is a constitutionally required function — criminal justice enforcement and secure incarceration of those convicted under due process. The state's monopoly on legitimate force makes incarceration irreducibly a state function under any rule-of-law framework. Own-source revenue from prison enterprise and re-integration workshops (5,215.6 millió Ft) should be retained and where feasible expanded, as it reduces net cost to the state while contributing to prisoner rehabilitation. The function itself requires no classification change.

State acquisition of pharmacy shareholdings of 250 millió Ft funds pre-emption rights over pharmacy ownership changes — expanding state presence in the pharmaceutical retail sector. Pharmaceutical dispensing is a regulated private market: pharmacists are licensed professionals, medicines are subject to regulatory approval, and competitive provision serves patients effectively. State equity acquisition in pharmacies conflicts with the ordoliberal principle that the state should regulate markets, not own operators within them. Immediate elimination; pre-emption rights in pharmacy ownership revert to the standard regulated professional market.

The National Teachers' Council is a state-created corporatist body with no demonstrated output distinguishable from the existing professional development and curriculum advisory functions already embedded in the Oktatási Hivatal and university teacher training programmes. Corporatist bodies created by executive decision rather than professional self-organisation reproduce the public-choice capture dynamic at the professional-body level. The 150 millió Ft costs each SZJA payer roughly 33 Ft per year. Immediate elimination.